{"id":2878,"date":"2025-10-10T18:58:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T15:28:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/diseases\/vulvar-vestibulitis\/"},"modified":"2025-12-01T15:08:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T11:38:56","slug":"vulvar-vestibulitis","status":"publish","type":"diseases","link":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/diseases\/vulvar-vestibulitis\/","title":{"rendered":"Vulvar Vestibulitis | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnostics and Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Pain during sex or routine gynecologic exams is more common than many people admit. One major cause is vulvar vestibulitis, also called vestibulodynia. In this condition, the tissue at the entrance of the vagina the vestibule becomes unusually sensitive and painful, so that even light touch can feel like burning or sharp pain. Vulvar vestibulitis can seriously affect sexual quality of life and self-confidence, but effective treatments exist.<\/p>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-275 size-full\" style=\"font-size: 15px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.1.png\" alt=\"\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0646\" width=\"1200\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.1.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.1-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.1-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.1-768x387.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">What is vulvar vestibulitis<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vulvar vestibulitis vestibulodynia is pain and tenderness localized to the vaginal entrance the vestibule, typically triggered by touch or pressure such as intercourse, tampon use, tight clothing, or even a gentle medical exam.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Typical features include<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Chronic course lasting more than three months<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Pain quality described as burning, stinging, or sharp<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Often occurs without an active infection or obvious visible cause<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Causes and contributing factors<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The exact cause of vulvar vestibulitis is not fully defined. Multiple pathways may interact.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Physical factors<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Chronic inflammation or small nerve fiber injury around the vestibule<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Hormonal shifts for example after long term combined oral contraceptives or during menopause<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Recurrent yeast or bacterial infections that sensitize tissue<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Immune overreaction and localized hypersensitivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Psychological and neurobiologic factors<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Ongoing stress and anxiety that amplify pain signaling<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Past sexual trauma or negative experiences<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Peripheral and central sensitization increased responsiveness of nerve endings and pain pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Other triggers<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Irritating personal products such as fragranced washes, gels, or harsh soaps<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Tight or synthetic underwear that traps heat and moisture and increases friction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Signs and symptoms<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-276 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.2.png\" alt=\"\u062f\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0648\" width=\"1200\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.2.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.2-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.2-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.2-768x387.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Burning or sharp pain at the vaginal entrance during sex or touch<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Persistent soreness or raw sensation even outside of sex in more severe cases<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Marked tenderness with tampon insertion or internal examination<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Redness or erythema of the vestibule sometimes visible on exam<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Avoidance of intercourse due to anticipated pain and reduced desire secondary to pain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Clinical vignette<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A 26 year old woman reports that whenever intercourse is attempted, the entrance of the vagina burns and she must stop. Even light touch causes intense pain, despite normal results on infection tests.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">How vulvar vestibulitis is diagnosed<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Diagnosis is clinical and made by a gynecologist or pelvic pain specialist. Steps typically include<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>Detailed history clarifying onset, duration, triggers, prior infections, contraceptive use, and skin sensitivities<\/li>\n<li>Gentle physical exam with a cotton swab mapping method to identify specific tender points around the vestibule and to distinguish superficial from deeper pain<\/li>\n<li>Rule out other causes testing for infection when indicated, evaluating dermatoses such as lichen sclerosus, and assessing pelvic floor muscle tone<\/li>\n<li>Targeted labs when useful for example hormone evaluation in hypoestrogenic states or assessment of comorbid pain conditions<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Treatment of vulvar vestibulitis<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Care works best when layered and individualized. Start with gentle self care and add medical, physical, and psychological therapies as needed.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Lifestyle changes and first aid<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Avoid fragranced cleansers and harsh soaps choose plain water or a mild pH balanced intimate wash<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Prefer breathable, loose cotton underwear and avoid prolonged occlusion<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Take breaks from prolonged sitting or cycling during flares<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Use cool compresses for short term relief after triggers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Medical therapies<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Topical anesthetics such as lidocaine ointment applied before intimacy or physical therapy to blunt pain signals<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Local estrogen therapy for hypoestrogenic patients for example postpartum or postmenopausal women to improve tissue resilience and lubrication<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Neuromodulating medications tricyclic antidepressants or anticonvulsants low dose nortriptyline, amitriptyline, or gabapentin when nerve driven pain predominates<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Short courses of antifungals or antibacterials only if an active infection is documented<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-277 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.3.png\" alt=\"\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0648\" width=\"1200\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.3.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.3-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.3-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.3-768x387.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Pelvic floor physiotherapy<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Specialized pelvic floor therapy targets overactive or guarding muscles that often accompany vulvar vestibulitis<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Techniques include down training, manual trigger point release, relaxation focused pelvic floor work, and home exercises<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Biofeedback may help patients learn to relax rather than brace during touch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-278 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.4.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0641 \u0644\u06af\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0646\" width=\"1200\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.4.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.4-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.4-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.4-768x387.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Psychological care<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Individual or couples counselling to address anxiety, catastrophizing, and fear avoidance patterns<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Sex therapy to rebuild comfort, pacing, and communication during intimacy<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Mindfulness based strategies to shift attention toward neutral or pleasant sensations and reduce pain amplification<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Modern and adjunctive options<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Vaginal laser or radiofrequency treatments fractional CO2 or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/services\/vaginal-tightening-rf\/\">RF<\/a> may promote collagen remodeling, improve blood flow, and reduce dryness in selected patients<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Botulinum toxin injections can relax hypertonic muscles at the vestibule and reduce pain related to spasm<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/services\/prp-prf-gynecology\/\">PRP platelet rich plasma<\/a> and exploratory regenerative options aim to support tissue healing and modulate inflammation<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Surgery vestibulectomy reserved for refractory cases after comprehensive conservative therapy, removing the most painful vestibular tissue with success reported in carefully selected patients<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-279 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.5.png\" alt=\"\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627 PRP \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u0648 RF \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\" width=\"1200\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.5.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.5-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.5-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.5-768x387.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Prevention and self care for vulvar vestibulitis<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vulvar vestibulitis is a chronic pain condition of the vestibule that can flare with mechanical or chemical irritation. While not every trigger can be eliminated, daily habits and thoughtful intimacy can reduce pain and prevent worsening.<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<h3>Personal hygiene<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Use only water or a gentle, unscented cleanser with balanced pH<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Pat dry with a soft towel; avoid vigorous rubbing<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Skip douching, which disrupts natural flora and can increase sensitivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3>Clothing choices<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Choose breathable cotton underwear and change after workouts<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Avoid tight pants or synthetic fabrics that raise temperature and friction<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">After exercise, remove damp clothing promptly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3>Making sex more comfortable<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Use generous amounts of high quality water based lubricant and reapply as needed<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Prioritize unhurried arousal and extended foreplay to enhance natural lubrication<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Stop if pain escalates; pushing through pain can worsen central sensitization<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Communicate openly with a partner to reduce pressure and expectations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-280 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.6.png\" alt=\"\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0646\" width=\"1200\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.6.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.6-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.6-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/57.6-768x387.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<h3>Calming the nervous system<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Practice daily relaxation routines such as diaphragmatic breathing, meditation, or gentle yoga<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Mindfulness during intimacy helps shift focus from pain to neutral or pleasant sensations<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Consider counselling when stress, depression, or trauma reactions are present<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h3>Physical and medical supports<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Pelvic floor physiotherapy teaches down training and coordinated relaxation<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Try cool packs or, for some, warm sitz baths to discover which is more soothing<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Temporarily modify activities that compress the vestibule for example cycling or horseback riding during flares<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Schedule follow ups to reassess hormones, skin conditions, and comorbidities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" start=\"6\">\n<li>\n<h3>Lifestyle foundations<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Adequate sleep reduces pain sensitivity and improves coping<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">An anti inflammatory eating pattern emphasizing fish, leafy greens, nuts, and whole foods may help some patients<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Identify dietary or beverage triggers such as excess caffeine or alcohol that may worsen discomfort in certain individuals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" start=\"7\">\n<li>\n<h3>Everyday practical tips<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Use a soft cushion or donut pillow when sitting for long periods<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">During symptomatic days, favor low impact movement such as walking or swimming<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Keep a pain and trigger diary to identify patterns and personalize prevention<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Simple self care checklist<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Clean with water or a mild unscented wash only<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Wear loose, cotton underwear<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Use water based lubricant as needed<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Practice 10 minutes of relaxation or breathing daily<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Aim for 7 to 8 hours of sleep<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Avoid intercourse when pain is high<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Apply cool or warm compresses during flares<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">See a clinician if pain lasts more than three months<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>In one sentence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Preventing flares of vulvar vestibulitis means creating a calm, low irritation routine that lets tissue heal while you address muscles, nerves, and stress.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"1b31c010-b0cd-4801-a2ae-ab3b1a8d0af0\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-6\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"a72de8aa-8b3d-4906-bba2-47a350c3b8f3\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>Vestibulitis vulvae (also called vestibulodynia) is one of the most common yet often misunderstood causes of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/diseases\/dyspareunia\/\">pain during sexual intercourse<\/a> in women.<\/p>\n<p>Although it may seem minor at first, this condition can deeply affect a woman\u2019s confidence, emotional well-being, relationship satisfaction, and overall mental health.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s important to understand that the pain is not a sign of weakness or \u201clow tolerance\u201d \u2014 it results from neurological, hormonal, or inflammatory changes in the vaginal entrance tissues, which over time become hypersensitive and reactive.<\/p>\n<p>The good news is that vestibulitis is treatable, but it requires a multidisciplinary approach.<\/p>\n<p>Treatment goes beyond medication and often involves collaboration between a gynecologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, and sometimes a psychotherapist.<\/p>\n<p>Modern options such as vaginal laser or radiofrequency (RF) therapy, PRP or stem cell injections, and in selected cases botulinum toxin (Botox) therapy can help regenerate tissue and reduce pain.<\/p>\n<p>Alongside these, pelvic floor exercises, mind relaxation, lifestyle modification, and gentle genital care significantly accelerate recovery.<\/p>\n<p>Healing from vestibulitis takes patience and teamwork, but many women regain pain-free and comfortable intimacy after a few months of consistent treatment and home care.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, awareness, self-care, and calmness are the three pillars of recovery from vestibulitis vulvae.<\/p>\n<p>If your pain persists, don\u2019t be afraid to seek medical help and don\u2019t suffer in silence.<\/p>\n<p>With timely treatment and attention to both body and mind, you can reclaim control, confidence, and the natural joy of intimacy \u2014 free from pain, fear, and shame.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Similar Articles<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/vulvodynia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20353423\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mayo Clinic \u2013 Vulvodynia and vestibulitis<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/23514-vestibulodynia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cleveland Clinic \u2013 Vulvar vestibulitis: causes and treatments<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/committee-opinion\/articles\/2016\/09\/persistent-vulvar-pain#:~:text=Vulvar%20pain%20can%20be%20caused,aspects%20possibly%20attributable%20to%20vulvodynia.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) \u2013 Chronic vulvar pain<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1777,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[192,208],"class_list":["post-2878","diseases","type-diseases","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-hormonal-disorders","tag-pain-during-sexual-intercourse","diseases_cat-sexual-function-disorders"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/diseases\/2878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/diseases"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/diseases"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2878"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/diseases\/2878\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3253,"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/diseases\/2878\/revisions\/3253"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}