{"id":2354,"date":"2025-10-07T20:45:16","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T17:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/cms\/diseases\/recurrent-miscarriage\/"},"modified":"2025-12-01T13:52:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:22:47","slug":"recurrent-miscarriage","status":"publish","type":"diseases","link":"https:\/\/www.drmardomakravari.com\/en\/diseases\/recurrent-miscarriage\/","title":{"rendered":"Recurrent Miscarriage: When Consecutive Pregnancies End Prematurely"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/h2>\n

Miscarriage is a painful and emotionally challenging experience for any woman and her family. When it happens repeatedly, the emotional and psychological toll becomes even greater. Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of two or three consecutive pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation. This condition affects couples physically as well as emotionally, creating fear and uncertainty about future pregnancies.<\/p>\n

Statistics show that about 1\u20132% of women of reproductive age experience recurrent miscarriage. The good news is that in many cases, the cause can be identified and treated, and the majority of these women eventually achieve a successful pregnancy.<\/p>\n

\"\u0633\u0642\u0637<\/p>\n

Types of recurrent miscarriage<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Primary recurrent miscarriage \u2013 when a woman has never had a successful pregnancy, and all of her pregnancies end in miscarriage.<\/li>\n
  2. Secondary recurrent miscarriage \u2013 when a woman has had at least one successful pregnancy in the past but then experiences multiple consecutive miscarriages.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Common causes of recurrent miscarriage<\/h2>\n

    Recurrent miscarriage is rarely due to a single cause; often multiple factors are involved.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Genetic factors<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a02\u20135% of cases are due to chromosomal abnormalities in one of the parents.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Chromosomal translocations are among the most common causes, leading to nonviable embryos.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0In such cases, miscarriage typically occurs in the early weeks of pregnancy.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        Hormonal disorders<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0Luteal phase defect (low progesterone) prevents the uterus from supporting pregnancy.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS<\/a>) or hypothyroidism also increase miscarriage risk.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          Uterine abnormalities<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0Septate uterus, large fibroids, intrauterine adhesions, or congenital malformations can interfere with implantation or fetal development.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n

            Immune and clotting disorders<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u00a0Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) causes micro-clots in placental vessels, restricting blood flow to the fetus.<\/p>\n

            \u00a0Some immune system disorders may cause the mother\u2019s body to reject the embryo as foreign tissue.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n

              Infections<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u00a0Chronic genital or systemic infections such as toxoplasmosis, listeria, chlamydia<\/a>, or bacterial vaginosis<\/a> can contribute to pregnancy loss.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n

                Lifestyle factors<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u00a0Smoking, alcohol, drug use, obesity, being underweight, chronic stress, and exposure to toxins all raise the risk of miscarriage.<\/p>\n

                Risk factors<\/h2>\n

                \u00a0Age over 35 (especially after 40)<\/p>\n

                \u00a0Chronic illnesses such as diabetes or hypertension<\/p>\n

                \u00a0Multiple uterine surgeries<\/p>\n

                \u00a0Family history of recurrent miscarriage or genetic disorders<\/p>\n

                Signs and symptoms<\/h2>\n

                Recurrent miscarriage presents with symptoms similar to those of a typical miscarriage:<\/p>\n

                \u00a0Vaginal bleeding (spotting or heavy bleeding)<\/p>\n

                \u00a0Abdominal or back cramps<\/p>\n

                \u00a0Passing tissue or clots from the vagina<\/p>\n

                \u00a0Sudden loss of pregnancy symptoms (nausea, breast tenderness)<\/p>\n

                Sometimes a \u201cmissed miscarriage\u201d occurs, where the embryo stops developing but no obvious symptoms appear until detected on ultrasound.<\/p>\n

                Diagnosis<\/h2>\n

                \"\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/p>\n

                Evaluation of recurrent miscarriage is usually stepwise and multidisciplinary:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Medical and family history \u2013 number and timing of miscarriages, chronic illnesses, prior surgeries.<\/li>\n
                2. Blood tests \u2013 to assess hormones, thyroid function, blood sugar, clotting factors, and immune markers.<\/li>\n
                3. Karyotype analysis \u2013 of both parents, and if possible, fetal tissue from miscarriage.<\/li>\n
                4. Uterine imaging \u2013 transvaginal ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, or MRI.<\/li>\n
                5. Infection screening \u2013 to detect bacterial, viral, or parasitic causes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Treatment<\/h2>\n

                  Treatment depends on the underlying cause.<\/p>\n

                  \"\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

                  Medical treatment<\/h3>\n

                  \u00a0Progesterone supplementation during early pregnancy<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0Anticoagulants (heparin, aspirin) for antiphospholipid syndrome<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0Management of underlying conditions (e.g., thyroid disease, diabetes)<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0Antibiotics or antivirals if infections are present<\/p>\n

                  Surgical treatment<\/h3>\n

                  \u00a0Hysteroscopic removal of uterine septum<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0Removal of large fibroids or adhesions<\/a><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0Corrective surgery for uterine malformations<\/p>\n

                  \"\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n

                  Genetic counseling<\/h3>\n

                  \u00a0For chromosomal abnormalities, assisted reproductive technologies like IVF with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can help select healthy embryos.<\/p>\n

                  Lifestyle modification<\/h3>\n